How did speculation and margin buying cause stock prices to rise, in the 1920's?


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Because of margin buying, investors stood to lose large sums of money if the market turned down--or even failed to advance quickly enough. The average P/E (price to earnings) ratio of SandP Composite stocks was 32.6 in September 1929, clearly above historical norms. On October 24, 1929, with the Dow just past its September 3 peak of 381.17, the market finally turned down, and panic selling started.

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