How do scientists distinguish between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?
To fully understand the difference between gram-positive and gram-negative, one must understand the process. The gram staining method usually involves smearing bacteria from a pure culture onto a slide and heat fixing it. The bacteria is then flooded with crystal violet and iodine is added. An acid/alcohol wash is used and then the bacteria is flooded with safranine. The bacteria airdries. Pink (no Gram's stain) is gram-negative; purple is Gram-positive.
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About Bacteria
Bacteria are single celled organisms found in every habitat on Earth, growing in soil, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, water, and deep in the Earth's crust, as well as in organic matter and the live bodies of plants and animals. Some bacteria cause disease but others are essential to the human body. For example, bacteria in the digestion system, help in the healthful digestion of food. Sometimes trying to get bacteria out of one place in your body can cause problems in another.

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